What are the 5 kingdoms of life?

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Which kingdoms of life are eukaryotic?

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Which kingdom of life is prokaryotic?

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What is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells?

Their DNA is in the form of chromosomes, and these chromosomes are found inside a nucleus. 

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Which are larger, eukarotic or prokaryotic cells?

Eurkaryotic cells are usually 10-100x larger than prokaryotic cells. 

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Are viruses living organisms?

No, viruses are not living organisms.

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What does it mean for an organism to be 'multicellular'?

A 'multicellular' organisms consists of multiple cells. 

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What does it mean for an organism to be 'unicellular'?

A 'unicellular' organisms is made of just one cell.

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Are animals unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Almost all animals are multicellular.

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Are plants unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Almost all plants are multicellular.

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What are heterotrophs?

Heterotrophs are organisms that eat other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

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What are autotrophs?

Autotrophs are organisms that are capable of producing their own food from chemicals in the environment. For example, organisms that can photosynthesise are autotrophs.

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What are saprotrophs?

Saprotrophs are organisms that feed by saprotrophic nutrition (extracellular digestion of dead or decaying matter).

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What are the steps of saprotrophic nutrition?

  1. Organism secretes digestive enzymes outside their body onto dead organic material.


  1. Enzymes break down the organic material.


  1. Organism absorbs the nutrients.

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Are fungi harmful to humans?

Most fungi are harmless to humans, but some fungi are pathogens and can infect humans to cause harm (like the fungi that causes athlete's foot). Others can infect our food and make us sick (like moulds). 

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What are mycelium and hyphae?

1Hyphae are the small thread-like projections of fungi that branch out into the soil.


2A mycelium is a collection of hyphae.

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Are fungi unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Fungi can be either unicellular, or multicellular.

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Are protoctists (protists) unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Protoctists can be either multicellular or unicellular, but most are unicellular.

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Give an example of a protoctist (protist) that can photosynthesise.

Chlorella or Euglena.

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Name a protoctist (protist) that must consume other organisms to get their energy.

Amoeba.

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Are protoctists (protists) harmful to humans?

Most protoctists have nothing to do with humans and are completely harmless.


A few protoctists are pathogens and can infect humans to cause harm (e.g. 'plasmodium' which causes malaria).

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Are bacteria unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Bacteria are unicellular.

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Are bacteria harmful to humans?

Most bacteria are harmless and have nothing to do with humans.


Many bacteria are actively beneficial to humans (like those inside our intestines which help us digest food).


Some bacteria are pathogens and can infect humans and cause harm, (e.g. salmonella which causes food poisoning).

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Where are bacteria found?

Bacteria are almost everywhere.


They can be found in the air, in water sources like rivers and oceans, in the soil, in our homes, on our skin, and inside our intestines. 

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Are viruses unicellular, multicellular, both, or neither?

Viruses are not cells, so are not unicellular or multicellular. 

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What is a parasite?

A parasite is an organism that depends on anther organism (the 'host') to survive and reproduce.


Importantly, the host organism doesn't benefit from the presence of the parasite. 

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Are viruses harmful to humans?

Yes - but only the viruses that can infect humans.


All viruses are pathogens and are harmful, but only some viruses infect humans. 

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