Explain how and why exercise affects the body.

  1. Exercise requires us to contract and relax our muscles.
  2. Muscle contraction requires energy, which has to be released by cellular respiration.
  3. Our cells prefer to carry out aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen.
  4. This means that we have to pump oxygen to our muscles faster when we exercise.
  5. As a result we have to increase our breathing rate to get more oxygen into our bodies (and remove carbon dioxide), and increase our heart rate to transport that oxygen around the body. 

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What is an oxygen debt?

During exercise, we often carry out some anaerobic respiration, which produces harmful lactic acid.


An oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid and replace the body's reserves of oxygen.

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Which organ is responsible for removing lactic acid from the bloodstream?

The liver is responsible for removing lactic acid from the bloodstream.

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How would you measure a person's heart rate?

Feel their pulse, and count how many beats there are in 1 minute.

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How would you measure a person's breathing rate?

Watch their chest, and count how many times their chest rises and falls in 1 minute.

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