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Question 1
The equation below shows an incomplete equation for beta-minus decay. X→ p + β− +νe |
a) | State the name of particle X.
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b) | State the quark composition of the particle labelled X.
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c) | Charge is conserved during beta-minus decay. State two other properties which are conserved during beta-minus decay.
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d) | Complete the diagram below to show beta-minus decay.
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Question 2
This question is about the decay of the pion. π0 → e− + μ+ + νe |
a) | Determine if the interaction above is possible.
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b) | Electrons are fundamental particles. Explain what is meant by the term fundamental.
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c) | State the quark composition of the π+ meson.
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d) | Describe the difference between baryons and mesons.
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Question 3
Kaons are produced through the strong interaction. The equation below shows the production of a K+ meson. π− + p→ K0 + Λ0 |
a) | Charge is conserved in this interactions. State two other properties that are conserved in this interaction.
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b) | The K0 meson has a strangeness of 1. Deduce the quark composition of the Λ0 particle.
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c) | The K0 decays to produce two pions. Write a decay equation for this interaction.
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d) | State and explain which interaction is responsible for the decay of the K0 meson.
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Question 4
Some particles and antiparticles can be classified as hadrons. |
a) | Discuss the nature of hadrons. Your answer should include:
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Question 5
Particle physicists complete experiments to identify the fundamental building blocks of matter. |
a) | State what is meant by an antiparticle.
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b) | Complete the table to show the antiparticles of each particle.
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c) | Describe what happens when a proton interacts with an antiproton.
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d) | Calculate the frequency of the photons emitted when a stationary proton undergoes annihilation.
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Question 6
A positron is emitted when a nucleus undergoes β + decay. |
a) | Write an equation to show β+ decay.
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b) | State which interaction is responsible for β+ decay.
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c) | Explain why the neutrino is emitted in this decay rather than an antineutrino.
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d) | Complete the diagram below to show β+ decay at the quark level.
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Question 7
This question is about particles and antiparticles. |
a) | Describe the process of pair production.
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b) | A photon of frequency 2.52 x 1020 Hz produces an electron and positron through pair production. Calculate the energy of the photon.
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c) | Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron produced.
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Question 8
The Σ0 baryon is produced through the strong interaction between a π+ meson and a neutron. π+ + n → Σ0 + X |
a) | Deduce the lepton number and baryon number of particle X
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b) | State the quark composition of particle X.
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c) | The equation below shows the decay of the Σ+ baryon. Σ+ → p + π0 State which interaction is responsible for this decay.
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d) | State the property that is not conserved in the decay of the Σ+ baryon.
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Question 9
Carbon-12 is an isotope of carbon. |
a) | State what is meant by the term isotope.
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b) | How many protons and neutrons are in a nucleus of 612C?
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c) | State the name of the interaction responsible for the repulsion between protons in the nucleus.
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d) | Describe the interaction that is responsible for keeping protons and neutrons together in a stable nucleus. You should include details of the properties of the interaction in your answer.
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e) | Calculate the specific charge of the carbon-12 nucleus.
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