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Question 1
This question is about the motion of gas particles. |
a) | Draw the arrangement of gas particles in the box below.
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b) | Describe the motion of particles in a gas.
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c) | Brownian motion is observed when looking at smoke particles in air using a microscope. What causes the smoke particles to move randomly? A smoke particles are hit by air molecules B smoke particles are moved by convection currents in the air C smoke particles have different weights and fall at different speeds D smoke particles hit the walls of the container
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d) | Describe what happens to the speed of the gas particles as the gas is heated.
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d) | Describe what happens to the speed of the gas particles as the gas is heated.
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Question 2
A student is investigating the relationship between gas pressure and temperature. They seal a gas in a container and heat it in a beaker of water over a bunsen burner. The student records the temperature and pressure of the gas as it is heated. |
a) | Draw a line of best fit on the students results to find the temperature of the gas when the pressure is 0 kPa.
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b) | State the temperature of the gas when the pressure is 0 kPa.
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c) | Specialist equipment is required to reach these temperatures. Describe the motion of the particles in the gas as it is cooled to such low temperatures.
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Question 3
A student is pumping up their bicycle tyre using a manual pump. |
a) | The tyre has a volume of 115 cm3 and contains air at 101 kPa. The pump has a volume of 25 cm3 and contains air at the same pressure. The air enters the tyre via one-way valve to prevent the air escaping. The gas behaves like an ideal gas and obeys the equation below. pressure x volume = constant Calculate the value of the constant before the student pumps the tyre.
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b) | Calculate the pressure of the air in the tyre after one stroke of the pump. Give your answer to the nearest whole number in kPa.
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c) | The student needs to pump the tyre to 431 kPa. Calculate how many strokes of the pump are required to raise the pressure from 101 kPa to 431 kPa. You may assume the pressure increase per stroke remains constant.
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d) | After the required number of strokes, the pressure reading is still not 431 kPa. Suggest a reason why the tyre may not be pumped up to the correct pressure.
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Question 4
A student is investigating the behaviour of gases. |
a) | The student traps a gas at atmospheric pressure in a volume of 0.8 m3. Describe the motion of the particles in the gas.
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b) | The student compresses the the gas into a volume of 0.2 m3. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa. Calculate the new pressure of the gas.
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c) | Explain how particles in a gas exert a pressure on the walls of the container.
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Question 5
A student is investigating the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature. |
a) | Before the pump is turned on the gas is at atmospheric pressure, 101 kPa. The volume of the gas in the tube reads 35 cm3. Describe a method the student could follow to obtain results for a pressure vs volume graph.
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b) | The student's results are in the table below. Plot a graph of pressure vs volume for the student's results. Model answer
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c) | Describe the relationship shown by the graph.
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d) | For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature the gas obeys the equation below. pressure × volume = constant Calculate the constant for the pressure of 161 kPa. Give your answer to 2 significant figures in standard form.
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e) | If the gas is compressed too quickly the temperature of the gas increases. Explain how the temperature increase would affect the pressure exerted by the gas.
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Question 6
A student in investigating the relationship between pressure and volume. They attach a syringe to a pressure gauge. |
a) | State the pressure shown on the pressure gauge.
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b) | Explain what happens to the pressure reading as the piston is inserted further into the syringe.
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c) | The volume of the syringe in the position shown is 10 cm3. pressure x volume = constant Calculate the constant for the syringe above.
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d) | The syringe is inserted until the volume is 2.8 cm3. Calculate the new pressure inside the syringe.
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Question 7
A student traps a fixed mass of gas in a container with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. |
a) | Describe how the student could slowly vary the temperature of the gas inside the box between 0°C and 100°C.
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b) | Describe how the motion of the gas particles will change as the gas is heated.
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c) | Explain why the pressure increases when the gas is heated.
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Question 8
This question is about the behaviour of gases. |
a) | A sealed cylinder contains a fixed mass of gas. What will happen when the piston is pushed further into the cylinder? A pressure of gas decreases B volume of gas increases C temperature of gas decreases D pressure of gas increases
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b) | The initial pressure is 105 kPa and a volume of 12 cm3. Calculate the pressure when the volume is decreased by 4 cm3. Give your answer in kPa to 1 decimal place.
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c) | The piston is then locked in place so that the volume is fixed. The cylinder and piston are placed in a cold room. Describe how the pressure of the gas would vary as the temperature of the gas decreases.
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