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Question 1
A student is investigating the relationship between pressure, force, and area. |
a) | Describe how a student could find the area of the shaded surface in the diagram.
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b) | The student measures the mass of the cuboid to be 450 g. The gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. Calculate the force exerted on the table when placed on the table shaded face down.
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c) | The student calculates the surface area of the shaded face to be 7.5 x 10-3 m2. Calculate the pressure exerted on the table by the block.
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d) | Describe how the pressure exerted on the table would change when the block is placed with the smaller face on the desk.
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Question 2
Adventurers wear snow shoes to prevent them sinking into the snow. |
a) | The adventurer has a mass of 75 kg and is carrying a bag of equipment of mass 20 kg. The gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. Calculate the total weight of the adventurer and their bag of equipment.
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b) | The surface area of a snow shoe is 0.09 m2. Calculate the pressure of the adventurer on the ground when standing on both feet.
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c) | The adventurer will sink through the snow if the pressure exerted exceeds 8,500 Pa. Calculate the pressure exerted on the snow when the adventurer lifts one foot and hence determine if they will sink into the snow.
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Question 3
Hammers are used to drive nails into wood to join two pieces together. |
a) | Nails have a point on the end to make it easier to hammer into the wood. Explain why the pointed tip of a nail makes it easier to hammer into a piece of wood.
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b) | As the hammer strikes the nail, the nail exerts a force on the wood. The wood also exerts a force on the nail. Explain why.
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c) | The hammer strikes the nail and exerts a 200 N on the nail. The nail has a surface area of 1 x 10-6 m2 in contact with the hammer. Calculate the pressure exerted by the hammer.
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Question 4
5 sugar cubes are resting on a desk stacked on top of each other. |
a) | The mass of each sugar cube is 4 g. Calculate the force exerted by the 5 sugar cubes on the desk. The gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg.
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b) | The side of the cube is 1.5 cm. Calculate the surface area in m2 of one face of the sugar cube.
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c) | Calculate the pressure exerted by the sugar cubes on the desk. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
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d) | The student claims that the pressure exerted on the desk would be greater in granulated form because more of it would be in contact with the desk. Explain why the student is wrong.
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Question 5
A student is investigating how pressure varies with depth by lower a pressure sensor into a tank of unknown liquid. The student's results are in the table below. |
a) | State the independent variable in the student's investigation.
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b) | Plot a graph of the depth vs pressure difference.
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c) | Use the graph to estimate the pressure difference in the liquid at 2.0 m.
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d) | State the equation linking pressure difference, density, height and gravitational field strength.
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e) | Calculate the density of the unknown liquid. You may assume the gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg.
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Question 6
A group of students is investigating how pressure varies with depth and shape in fluids. The diagram below shows the shapes of the containers being tested. |
The students predict which of the four containers will have the deepest liquid level when water is added. The table below shows the predictions of the students. |
a) | Comment on the student's predictions. You should refer to ideas about pressure in your answer.
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b) | The pressure difference between the bottom of the water and the surface is 800 Pa. The density of the water is 1,000 kg/m3 and the gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. Calculate the depth of the water in each container.
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Question 7
A student is investigating the relationship between pressure in fluids with depth. The student uses a column of water with 3 holes at different heights. |
a) | The column of water is filled to the top and water begins to spray out of the holes. Sketch the path that the water takes from the three holes.
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b) | At the start of the experiment, holes B and C are at 15 and 25 cm depth respectively. The gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. Calculate the pressure difference between water at B and C at the start of the experiment.
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c) | As water drains from the water column the path of the water spraying out changes. Explain how the water path of C changes as the water drains out.
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Question 8
a) | Which of the following is not a unit of pressure? A pa B N/m2 C N m D N/cm2
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b) | A force of 50 N is exerted over an area, producing a pressure of 200 Pa. The area is doubled without changing the force exerted. After doubling the area, what would the pressure be? A 50 Pa B 100 Pa C 4 Pa D 1,000 Pa
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c) | A student is swimming to the bottom of a swimming pool. How does the pressure experienced by the swimmer vary as they swim to the bottom of the pool? A it increases B it doubles C it decreases D it stays the same
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d) | Calculate the pressure difference at the bottom of a 2m deep column of fluid with a density of 1500 kg/m3. A 20,400 Pa B 29,400 Pa C 3,000 Pa D 750 Pa
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e) | A book of mass 250 g is resting on the table. The dimensions of the book face in contact with the table are 15 cm by 25 cm. The gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. Calculate the pressure exerted on the table by the book.
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Question 9
A manometer is a device used to measure differences in pressure. |
a) | State the equation linking pressure difference, gravitational field strength, density and height.
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b) | Calculate the pressure difference between the open end and the end with the trapped air. The density of the fluid in the manometer is 1.3 x 104 kg/m3. The gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg.
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c) | Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa. Calculate the pressure shown by the manometer.
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d) | The liquid in the open end of the manometer begins to rise. Explain what happens to the pressure of the trapped gas.
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