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Question 1
a) | This question is about renewable and non-renewable energy resources. State what is meant by a non-renewable energy resource.
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b) | Sort the energy resources below into renewable and non-renewable by putting a tick in either the renewable or non-renewable box.
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c) | Solar farms can be used to produce large amounts of electricity. State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a solar farm to produce electricity.
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Question 2
Hydroelectric power plants are a renewable source of energy. |
a) | Describe the energy transfers that take place in a hydroelectric power station.
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b) | Calculate the speed of 1,200 kg of water after falling 25 m through the dam. You may assume g = 9.8 N/kg.
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c) | Hydroelectric power stations can be used to meet sudden surges in demand during peak hours. Discuss the advantages and a disadvantages of using hydroelectric power stations to meet this demand.
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Question 3
A farmer wants to power his home from a wind farm on his land. |
a) i) | On an average day, 1.56×106 m3 of air passes the blades each minute. The density of air is 1.2 kg/m3. Calculate the mass of air that passes the blades every second.
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ii) | The wind speed is 8 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the air as it passes through the blades.
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iii) | The wind turbine operates with an efficiency of 32 %. Calculate the power output of the turbine.
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iv) | Calculate the percentage of energy wasted in the turbine.
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b) | Draw a labelled Sankey diagram for the wind turbine.
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Question 4
This question is about conventional coal-fired power stations. |
a) | The steps below outline the process involved in generating electricity using a coal-fired power station. Put the steps in the correct order.
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b) | Which stage of the coal-fired power station transfers energy from the chemical store to the thermal store? A turbine B generator C furnace and boiler D transformer
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c) | Which method of energy transfer is used to distribute energy via the National Grid? A radiation B heating C electrically D mechanically
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d) | Many governments around the world are moving away from coal-fired power stations. State two advantages of moving away from using coal as an energy resource.
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Question 5
This question is about the nuclear fission power station. |
a) | State the energy resource used in this power station.
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b) | Describe the energy transfers that take place in this type of power station.
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c) | Despite producing large quantities of electricity, nuclear power stations have relatively low public support. Describe two advantages and two disadvantages of using nuclear power.
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d) | Name two other energy resources that do not produce greenhouse gases.
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Question 6
The graph below shows the breakdown of energy resources used in the UK between 2015 and 2020. |
a) | Describe the patterns shown by the graph.
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b) | Calculate the combined percentage of nuclear and renewables in 2017.
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c) | Explain why the UK government is moving away from using fossil fuels and investing in renewables.
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Question 7
a) | A homeowner is installing solar panels on their roof to reduce their energy bills. Each solar panel is 1.2 m x 1.5 m. The power of the sun incident on 1 m2 of the roof is 950 W. Calculate the power of the sun incident on all 4 solar panels.
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b) | Calculate the energy incident on the solar panels for 1 day. Assume that the solar panels receive sunlight for 16 hours per day.
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c) | The homeowner is considering adding additional panels so their total energy consumption is met. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of relying solely on solar power in the UK.
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Question 8
The demand for electricity varies during the day. When the demand for electricity is low, power stations reduce their output. When the demand for electricity is high, additional energy resources are required to meet the demand. |
a) | Suggest one reason for the increase in demand between 15:00 and 18:00.
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b) | When was the demand for electricity the highest?
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c) | The maximum output from fossil fuels was 25 GW. Calculate how much electricity needed to be provided by nuclear or renewables at 20:00.
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d) | During the break of popular TV programmes there is a huge spike in demand for electricity. State whether hydroelectric or wind would be a better option to meet this spike in demand. Give a reason for your answer.
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Question 9
a) | Which of the following is a renewable source of energy? A coal B oil C geothermal D natural gas
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b) | Explain why the proportion of non-renewable energy resources is decreasing in many countries.
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c) | Describe the energy transfers that take place in a geothermal power station.
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Question 10
This question is about UK power stations. |
a) | Using the table above, identify which type of power station Hartlepool power station is. A wind farm B solar panel array C coal-fired power station D nuclear power station
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b) | An advantage of Cruachan power station is A it produces large amount of energy on sunny days B it can meet spikes in demand quickly C it burns readily available coal D it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
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c) | West Burton is a coal-fired power station. |
d) | Describe the energy transfers that take place in a coal-fired power station.
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