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Question 1
The carbon chain of a compound can be extended by reaction with the cyanide ion, CN-. |
a) | Write an equation for the reaction of bromoethane with potassium cyanide.
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b) | Outline a mechanism for the reaction of bromoethane with potassium cyanide.
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c) | Write an equation for the reaction between propanal and hydrogen cyanide.
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d) | Outline a mechanism for the reaction between propanal and hydrogen cyanide.
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Question 2
a) | Give the reagent(s) required for the reaction shown in the diagram below.
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b) | Name the type of reaction occurring in part a).
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c) | Give the reagent(s) required for the reaction shown in the diagram below.
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d) | Name the type of reaction occurring in part c).
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Question 3
This question is about the substitution of aromatic compounds with carbon chains. |
a) | Give the reagent(s) required for the reaction shown in the diagram below.
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b) | Write an equation for the formation of the reactive intermediate required for the reaction in part a).
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c) | Outline a mechanism for the reaction in part a).
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Question 4
The diagram below shows the structure of lactic acid, a naturally occurring chemical that can be synthesised from ethanal. |
a) | Draw the structure of compound X.
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b) | Suggest a reagent for step 2.
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c) | Compound X is reduced using H2 and a nickel catalyst. Draw the skeletal formula of the product.
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Question 5
Benzene reacts with 2-chloropropane in the presence of AlCl3. |
a) | Write an equation for the formation of the electrophile for this reaction.
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b) | Outline a mechanism for the reaction.
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b) | Outline a mechanism for the reaction.
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c) | Suggest reagent(s) for step 1 and step 2 in the synthesis shown in the diagram below.
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