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Question 1
The diagram below shows the repeat unit of a polyester. |
a) | Draw the structures of the two monomers that could form this polyester.
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b) | Name this type of polymerisation.
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c) | Suggest a compound that could break down this polyester.
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Question 2
Polyamides are produced by the reaction of dicarboxylic acids with diamines. |
a) | Draw the repeat unit that would form between the two compounds HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH and H2N-(CH2)2-NH2.
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b) | Draw the structure of the compound 2-aminobutanoic acid.
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c) | Draw the product formed by the condensation polymerisation of two molecules of 2-aminobutanoic acid.
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d) | Name the small molecule that is also formed during the condensation polymerisation in part c).
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Question 3
The diagram below shows the repeat unit of a polyester. |
a) | Draw the structure of the acid which could be used to prepare this polyester.
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b) | Draw the structure of the alcohol which could be used to prepare this polyester.
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c) | Explain why this polyester is biodegradable.
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d) | Which of the following compounds can form a polymer without requiring a second reagent? A HO(CH2)3OH B HOOC(CH2)3COOH C Cl(CH2)3COOH D H2N(CH2)3COOH
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Question 4
The diagram below shows the repeat unit of the condensation polymer Terylene. |
a) | Explain what is meant by the term condensation polymer.
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b) | Draw the skeletal formulae of the two monomers that can react together to form Terylene. Model answer
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c) | Give one advantage and one disadvantage of recycling objects made from Terylene.
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Question 5
Nylon-6,6 is a polymer made from the monomers hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioic acid. |
a) | Draw the structures of hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioic acid.
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b) | Draw the structure of the repeat unit of nylon-6,6.
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c) | Wool is a natural polymer. Part of the structure of a wool polymer is shown in the diagram below. How many monomers make up this section of the wool polymer?
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Question 6
The diagram below shows the structures of glycolic acid and lactic acid. |
a) | Draw one repeat unit of the polymer that can form between lactic acid and glycolic acid.
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b) | Name the type of polymerisation occurring in part a).
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c) | Which of the following structures shows the repeat unit of a polyamide? A -COCH2CONHCH2NH- B -COCH2COOCH2O- C -CH(NH2)CH2COO- D -CH2CH(NH2)CH2-
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d) | Which of the following polymers would not be hydrolysed with concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide? A poly(amide) B poly(alkene) C poly(ester) D protein
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Question 7
Amino acids can bond together to form polymers. The diagram below shows the repeat unit of poly(glutamic acid). |
a) | Draw the structure of glutamic acid.
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b) | The diagram below shows the amino acid proline. Model answer Draw the repeat unit of poly(proline).
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c) | Name the additional product formed in the polymerisation of proline.
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d) | Name the type of linkage formed between two amino acids in condensation polymerisation.
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Question 8
The polymer Kevlar is formed from two monomers, a diamine and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. The structure of the diamine is shown below. |
a) | Draw the repeat unit of Kevlar.
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b) | Name the strongest type of intermolecular force that exists between chains of Kevlar.
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c) | State and explain the difference in biodegradability between Kevlar and a poly(alkene).
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Question 9
The diagram below shows the repeat unit of a polyester. |
a) | Draw the skeletal formula of the product formed when the polyester is hydrolysed with aqueous acid.
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b) | Nylon-4,6 is a polyamide that can be prepared from 1,4-diaminobutane, NH2(CH2)4NH2, and hexanedioic acid, HOOC(CH2)4COOH. Draw the skeletal formulae of these two monomers.
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c) | Draw the skeletal formula of the repeat unit of nylon-4,6.
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d) | The diagram below shows the repeat unit of a condensation polymer. Which monomer, or pair of monomers, could be used to prepare this polymer? A ClOC(CH2)3COCl only B ClOC(CH2)3NH2 only C ClOC(CH2)3COCl and H2N(CH2)6NH2 D ClOC(CH2)6COCl and H2N(CH2)3NH2
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Question 10
The diagram below shows two organic compounds, a diol and a dicarboxylic acid. |
a) | Name the diol.
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b) | Draw the repeat unit of the polymer that can form from the reaction between the two compounds.
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c) | State the type of reaction that has occurred to form the polymer in part b).
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d) | Suggest an environmental advantage of the use of this polymer over a poly(alkene). Justify your answer.
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