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Question 1
Alcohols can be oxidised using acidified potassium dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7. |
a) | Draw the product formed when 2-methylpropan-1-ol is refluxed with acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
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b) | Name the alcohol shown in the diagram below.
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c) | Explain why the alcohol shown in the diagram in part b) cannot be oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
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d) | Write an equation for the complete combustion of butan-2-ol.
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Question 2
This question is about the reactions of alcohol X, shown in the diagram below. |
a) | Name alcohol X.
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b) | Alcohol X is heated with an acid catalyst to form a mixture of two alkenes. Draw the structures of the two alkenes formed in this reaction.
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c) | Complete and balance the equation below for the reaction when alcohol X is refluxed with acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
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d) | The table below shows the boiling points of alcohol X and its structural isomer, pentan-1-ol. Explain why the boiling points are different.
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Question 3
a) | Label the diagram below to show why ethanol is soluble in water. Include relevant dipoles and lone pairs of electrons.
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b) | Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.
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c) | Propan-1-ol can be oxidised to form two different organic products depending on the conditions used. Describe both oxidation reactions of propan-1-ol, including the following points in your answer:
Use [O] to represent the oxidising agent.
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Question 4
The skeletal formula of alcohols A-F are shown below. |
a) | Which two alcohols are structural isomers of each other? A B C D E F
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b) | Which alcohol can be oxidised to a carboxylic acid using K2Cr2O7/H+? A B C D E F
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c) | Which alcohol would show no colour change when oxidised with K2Cr2O7/H+? A B C D E F
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d) | Name alcohol A.
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e) | Complete the diagram below to show the organic product formed in each reaction of alcohol B.
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Question 5
The diol HO(CH2)2OH can be oxidised to a dicarboxylic acid. |
a) | Write an equation for this reaction using [O] to represent the oxidising agent.
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b) | Label the diagram below to show why HOOC(CH2)2COOH is soluble in water. Include relevant dipoles and lone pairs of electrons in your answer.
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c) | The diagram below shows alcohol Z. Name alcohol Z.
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d) | Write an equation for the complete combustion of alcohol Z.
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Question 6
This question is about the reactions of pentan-2-ol. |
a) | Write an equation for the elimination reaction of pentan-2-ol to form an alkene.
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b) | Name a suitable catalyst for the elimination reaction in part a).
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c) | Write an equation to show the oxidation of pentan-2-ol under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate(VI). Use [O] to represent the oxidising agent.
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d) | Pentan-2-ol is heated with sodium chloride and sulfuric acid. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
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Question 7
The structural formula of butane-1,2-diol is CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2OH. |
a) | Draw the skeletal formula of butane-1,2-diol.
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b) | Complete and balance the equation for the oxidation of butane-1,2-diol with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI) under reflux. Use [O] to represent the oxidising agent.
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c) | Draw the structure of an alternative organic oxidation product of butane-1,2-diol that would form when the potassium dichromate(VI) is not in excess.
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d) | What colour change would be observed in the oxidation reaction of butane-1,2-diol?
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Question 8
This question is about pentan-2-ol and pent-1-ene. |
The table below shows the boiling points of pentan-2-ol and pent-1-ene. |
a) | Explain why the boiling point of pentan-2-ol is higher than pent-1-ene.
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b) | Draw the structure of the organic product formed when pentan-2-ol is oxidised with acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
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c) | Write an equation for the complete combustion of pentan-2-ol.
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d) | Write an equation for the reaction of pentan-2-ol with sodium.
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Question 9
The diagram below shows the structure of alcohol X. |
a) | Name alcohol X.
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b) | Complete the flow chart in the diagram below to show the structures of the organic products formed in each of the reactions.
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c) | Name the type of reaction that forms products B and C, and state the colour change that would be observed in this reaction.
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d) | Alcohol X is reacted with CH3CH2CO2H. Draw the structure of the product formed.
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Question 10
This question is about the oxidation reactions of alcohols. |
a) | Draw the structures of the two straight-chain isomeric alcohols with the molecular formula C4H10O.
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b) | Draw the structures of the organic products formed when the two alcohols in part a) are oxidised with acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
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c) | Write an equation for the oxidation of butan-1-ol to a carboxylic acid. Use [O] to represent the oxidising agent.
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d) | Name and draw the structure of the alcohol with molecular formula C4H10O that would be resistant to oxdidation by acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
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