The molecule 2,6-dimethylphenylamine is used as a starting material in the synthesis of lidocaine, an anaesthetic used in dentistry.

Complete the diagram below to show the structure of the organic product formed when 2,6-dimethylphenylamine is reacted with ethanoyl chloride.

Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction in part a).

Use RNH₂ to represent the molecule 2,6-dimethylphenylamine.

Draw the structure of the organic product formed when ethanoyl chloride is reacted with 2-methylpropan-1-ol.

Give a suitable reagent for converting ethanoic acid into an acyl chloride.

Propenoic acid is a carboxylic acid that contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).

Draw the displayed formula of propenoic acid.

Propenoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

Name and draw the product of this reaction.

The same product in part b) can be prepared using an acyl chloride instead of propenoic acid.

Draw the structure of this acyl chloride.

This question is about acylation.

Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction between CH₃CH₂COCl and ammonia.

Name the type of compound produced in the reaction in part a).

Write an equation for the reaction between propanoyl chloride and methanol. 

Name the type of compound produced in the reaction in part c).

Esters have many commercial uses including as flavourings in food.

Ethyl butanoate is used as pineapple flavouring in cakes.

Write an equation for the formation of ethyl butanoate from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, showing the structures of all the organic compounds.

Name a suitable catalyst for the reaction in part a).

Ethyl butanoate could also be formed in the reaction between an alcohol and an acyl chloride.

Outline a mechanism for this reaction.

Write an equation for the formation of an acyl chloride from propanoic acid.

Write an equation for the reaction of the acyl chloride produced in part a) with an alcohol to form the ester propyl propanoate. 

State and explain the difference in relative acidity of propanoic acid and propan-1-ol.