| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Question 1
a) | Name the ester shown in the diagram below.
|
b) | Complete the diagram below to show the organic products of the reactions of the ester in part a).
|
c) | Name the type of reaction occurring in part b).
|
d) | Which two products are formed in the acid hydrolysis of phenyl methyl ethanoate? A CH3COOH B CH3CH2COOH C C6H5CH2OH D C6H5OH
|
|
Question 2
This question is about carboxylic acids and esters. |
a) | Complete the flowchart below to show the organic products formed when benzoic acid undergoes the following reactions.
|
b) | Name the ester with the structural formula (CH3)3CCOOCH3.
|
c) | Write an equation for the alkaline hydrolysis of the ester in part b) showing the structure of the organic products.
|
d) | Write an equation for the complete combustion of the ester in part b).
|
|
Question 3
Acyl chlorides are important compounds in organic synthesis. |
a) | Write an equation for the reaction between propanol and ethanoyl chloride.
|
b) | Name the organic product formed in part a).
|
c) | Acid anhydrides react in a similar way to acyl chlorides. Complete the equation below to show the reaction of salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride to produce aspirin.
|
d) | Give one advantage of using ethanoic anhydride instead of ethanoyl chloride in organic synthesis.
|
|
Question 4
Propenoic acid is a carboxylic acid that contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). |
a) | Draw the displayed formula of propenoic acid.
|
b) | Propenoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Name and draw the product of this reaction.
|
c) | The same product in part b) can be prepared using an acyl chloride instead of propenoic acid. Draw the structure of this acyl chloride.
|
|
Question 5
An ester was prepared by reacting (CH3)2CHOH with (CH3CO)2O. |
a) | Write an equation for this reaction and name the ester formed.
|
b) | The ester produced in part a) was formed by a different reaction between (CH3)2CHOH and the acyl chloride CH3COCl. Outline a mechanism for this reaction.
|
c) | The ester shown in the diagram below can be hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide to make soap. Complete the diagram to show an equation for this reaction.
|
d) | The ester in part c) can also be used to produce biodiesel. Complete the equation below for the formation of biodiesel.
|
|
Question 6
This question is about acylation. |
a) | Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction between CH3CH2COCl and ammonia.
|
b) | Name the type of compound produced in the reaction in part a).
|
c) | Write an equation for the reaction between propanoyl chloride and methanol.
|
d) | Name the type of compound produced in the reaction in part c).
|
|
Question 7
Esters have many commercial uses including as flavourings in food. Ethyl butanoate is used as pineapple flavouring in cakes. |
a) | Write an equation for the formation of ethyl butanoate from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, showing the structures of all the organic compounds.
|
b) | Name a suitable catalyst for the reaction in part a).
|
c) | Ethyl butanoate could also be formed in the reaction between an alcohol and an acyl chloride. Outline a mechanism for this reaction.
|
|
Question 8
This question is about esters. |
a) | Draw the skeletal formula of the ester ethyl 2-methylpropanoate.
|
b) | Write an equation for the reaction between the ester HCOOCH2CH2CH3 and NaOH.
|
c) | Which two products are formed in the acid hydrolysis of the ester CH3CH2COOCH2CH3? A CH3CH2OH B CH3COOH C CH3OH D CH3CH2COOH
|
|
Question 9
The molecule 2,6-dimethylphenylamine is used as a starting material in the synthesis of lidocaine, an anaesthetic used in dentistry. |
a) | Complete the diagram below to show the structure of the organic product formed when 2,6-dimethylphenylamine is reacted with ethanoyl chloride.
|
b) | Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction in part a). Use RNH2 to represent the molecule 2,6-dimethylphenylamine.
|
c) | Draw the structure of the organic product formed when ethanoyl chloride is reacted with 2-methylpropan-1-ol.
|
|
Question 10
a) | Name the carboxylic acid shown in the diagram below.
|
b) | Explain, using a labelled diagram, why the carboyxlic acid in part a) is soluble in water.
|
c) | Write an equation for the reaction between the carboxylic acid in part a) and ethanol in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst.
|
d) | Write an equation for the reaction between the carboxylic acid in part a) and sodium carbonate.
|
|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |