This question is about the production of protective packaging from cardboard and polystyrene. 

Evaluate the use of cardboard and polystyrene to make protective packaging.

Use information from the table and knowledge of life cycle assessments in your answer. 

Calculate the energy required to make 4 kg of packaging from cardboard.

The factory producing the packaging gets its energy from a coal fired power station. 

Describe the effect burning coal has on the environment.

This question is about the extraction of copper. 

Copper can be obtained through recycling or by extracting copper from its ore. 

Suggest two reasons why extracting copper by recycling is a more sustainable way of obtaining copper. 

Copper can be obtained from its ore by phytomining. 

The table below shows the steps involved in the process of phytomining. 

Complete the table below by listing the steps in chronological order, from 1-4.

Suggest a reason why phytomining has not become a popular way of obtaining copper.

Copper can be extracted from the ash by electrolysis or by displacement reaction with scrap iron. 

State one advantage and one disadvantage of extracting copper by electrolysis.

This question is about the extraction of aluminium from its ore. 

Some metals are extracted through displacement reactions with carbon. 

Explain why aluminium cannot be extracted from its ore using carbon. 

Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) by electrolysis. 

Complete the half-equations to show the reactions at the anode and cathode. 

The electrodes are made from carbon. 

Oxygen gas at the anode reacts with carbon to form carbon dioxide. 

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of extracting aluminium by electrolysis on the industrial scale. 

Aluminium oxide has the formula Al₂O₃. 

Calculate the maximum mass of aluminium that can be obtained from 120 tonnes of aluminium oxide. 

(You may need a periodic table.)

This question is about obtaining copper sustainably. 

It is important to consider the environmental impact of a product using a life-cycle assessment. 

The stages in a life cycle assessment are given below. 

A - disposal of the product

B - manufacturing the product

C - obtaining and processing the raw materials

D - using the product

List the stages of the life-cycle assessment in order from start to finish. 

Which of the following would be useful to know when considering the impact of a product during the disposal of the item?

Copper can be obtained by recycling. 

Give two advantages of obtaining copper by recycling rather than mining the raw material and extracting copper from that raw material.

This question is about the life-cycle assessment for a domestic hoover. 

The table below shows the energy requirements during the life-cycle of the hoover.

The stages in the life-cycle assessment of a product are listed below. 

Complete the table by placing the stages in the correct chronological order (1-4).

Draw a bar chart to show the energy requirements during the four stages of the life-cycle assessment.

The consumer recycles the hoover at the end of its useful life by taking it to a recycling centre. 

Calculate the percentage energy required to dispose of the hoover compared to the total energy requirement.

Explain why recycling the device at the end of life does not make a large impact on the life cycle assessment of the hoover.