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Question 1
This question is about the properties of hydrocarbons. |
a) | State the name of the hydrocarbon in the diagram below.
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b) | Draw the structure of butene.
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c) | Explain what is meant by the term saturated hydrocarbon.
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Question 2
This question is about hydrocarbons. |
a) | Explain what is meant by the term hydrocarbon.
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b) | The table below shows the chemical formula for the first four alkanes. State the general formula for alkanes.
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c) | Propene (C3H6) is an alkene. Describe the test that can be done to distinguish between a sample of propane and a sample of propene.
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Question 3
This question is about the separation of crude oil, a mixture of different hydrocarbons. |
a) | State the name of the industrial process used to separate crude oil into fractions and outline the process.
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b) | Bitumen is a fraction that is removed near the base of the fractioning column. State one use of bitumen.
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c) | The table below shows the boiling points for the first 10 alkanes. Plot a bar graph to show how the temperature varies with length of hydrocarbon. Model answer
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d) | Describe the trend shown by the graph.
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Question 4
This question is about the cracking of long chain alkanes. |
a) | A long chain hydrocarbon has the chemical formula C14H30. When it undergoes cracking it splits into decane and another hydrocarbon, X. Write a chemical equation to show this reaction.
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b) | State the name given to the other hydrocarbon, X.
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c) | Draw the structure of hydrocarbon X to show all its covalent bonds.
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d) | Describe the conditions required to crack long chain hydrocarbons into shorter chain hydrocarbons.
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Question 5
This question is about the process of fractional distillation. |
a) | The table below shows the boiling points of different fractions. Model answer Label the fractions on the fractioning column to show where they are extracted.
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b) | Name the fraction that is used as aviation fuel.
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c) | Kerosene has different uses and properties to those of bitumen. State two differences, other than boiling point, between the properties of kerosene and bitumen.
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d) | One of the alkanes found in petrol has the displayed formula below. Determine the molecular formula of this alkane.
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e) | When the fraction in part d) is combusted, it reacts with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide and water. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
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Question 6
This question is about alkenes. |
a) | Complete the table below by giving the missing information about the alkene with the formula C4H8.
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b) | Butene is known as an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Explain what is meant by the term unsaturated.
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c) | Describe a test that can be done to test if a hydrocarbon is saturated or unsaturated.
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d) | Ethene reacts with steam in the presence of a catalyst to form an alcohol. Explain the role of a catalyst in this reaction.
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e) | Complete the equation below to show the reaction between ethene and steam.
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f) | State the name of the alcohol formed in this reaction.
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Question 7
This question is about the reaction between propene and hydrogen. |
a) | Propene reacts with hydrogen to form a saturated hydrocarbon. Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
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b) | Draw the structure of the hydrocarbon produced.
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c) | State the name of the homologous series that C3H8 belongs to.
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d) | Propanol can be formed from propene. What is this type of reaction called? A hydration B dehydration C substitution D displacement
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Question 8
This question is about alkanes and alkenes. |
a) | What is the empirical formula of decane C10H22? A CH2 B C5H11 C CnH2n D CnH2n+2
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b) | Which of the following is used to test for a saturated hydrocarbon? A limewater turns cloudy when mixed with a saturated hydrocarbon B limewater turns cloudy when mixed with a unsaturated hydrocarbon C bromine water changes to colourless when mixed with a saturated hydrocarbon D bromine water changes to colourless when mixed with an unsaturated hydrocarbon
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c) | Which of the following represents the general formula of alkanes? A CnHn+2 B CnH2n+2 C C2nH D CnH2n
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d) | Write a balanced symbol equation for the complete combustion of methane.
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