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Question 1
This question is about the different states of matter. |
a) | The table shows some physical changes. Complete the table by giving the state of the substances before and after each change.
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b) | The melting point of bromine is −7 °C. The boiling point of bromine is 59 °C. What state is bromine at room temperature? A gas B liquid C aqueous D solid
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c) | What is the best description of the particles in a liquid? A particles are far apart, in continuous random motion B particles are far apart, vibrating about a fixed point C particles are close together, vibrating about a fixed point D particles are close together, in continuous random motion
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Question 2
a) | Complete the diagram to show how the particles of a substance are arranged in the three different states.
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b) | Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in each of the three states of matter.
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c) | Give the state of matter in which the particles have the most energy.
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Question 3
The particle model can be used to explain the physical properties of solids, liquids and gases. |
a) | What is meant by 'physical property'?
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b) | The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter. Each circle represents a particle. Model answer Use the letters X, Y and Z to give the starting and finishing states of matter for each of the changes in the table below.
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c) | Which word describes water changing from a liquid to a solid? A boiling B condensing C freezing D melting
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d) | Which of these changes takes place when solid iodine is heated to form iodine gas? A crystallisation B evaporation C sublimation D melting
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Question 4
Simple distillation uses evaporation and condensation to separate mixtures. |
a) | Write the missing state symbols for the physical changes shown below.
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b) | Describe the change in the arrangement of particles as substances evaporate.
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c) | Describe the change in the movement of particles as substances evaporate.
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d) | Explain why hot water evaporates more quickly than cold water.
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Question 5
The table below shows the melting and boiling points of four substances, A, B, C and D. |
a) | Give the letter of a substance that is a solid at 20°C.
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b) | Give the letter of a substance that is a liquid at 40°C.
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c) | Particles in a solid are closely packed, arranged in a regular pattern and vibrate about fixed positions. Describe the arrangement and movement of the particles in a gas.
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Question 6
There are three states of matter: solid; liquid and gas. They have different properties, which can be explained by looking at the arrangement of their particles. |
a) | What type of change is a change of state? A chemical B kinetic C physical D permanent
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b) | Which two statements are correct about the particles when a liquid turns into a gas? A particles become larger B particles are more spaced out C particles become lighter D particles have more chemical energy E particles have more kinetic energy
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c) | What is the name of the process that occurs when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid? A condensing B evaporating C freezing D melting
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Question 7
This question is about changes of state. |
The image below shows how the temperature of water changed with time as a student heated it from ice to steam. |
a) | Name the changes of state represented by letters X and Y in the image above.
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b) | Explain what is happening to the substance in sections A-B and B-C of the graph.
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c) | Give the boiling point and melting point of water.
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Question 8
The structures of four substances are shown in the image below. |
a) | Which of the substances, A, B, C or D, is a gas? C
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b) | Which of the substances, A, B, C or D, is a liquid? B
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c) | Which of the substances, A, B, C or D, is a giant covalent structure? A
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d) | Which of the substances, A, B, C or D, is a giant ionic lattice? D
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e) | The equation for the production of substance D from the combustion of magnesium in oxygen is shown below. Mg(s) + O2(g) ➔ MgO(s) |
e) i) | Give the meaning of the state symbols (s) and (g).
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e) ii) | What is the name of the chemical compound represented in D?
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Question 9
Perfume is a mixture of fragrant oils in a solvent. When perfume is sprayed, a fine mist of perfume droplets is created and suspended in the air. The solvent evaporates from the droplets within a few seconds, leaving behind the fragrant compounds in the perfume. |
a) | Solvent molecules evaporate easily. Explain why substances made of simple molecules evaporate easily.
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b) | Describe the movement of the molecules of solvent after they have evaporated into the air.
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c) | Explain, in terms of the particles, why gases are easy to compress.
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Question 10
This question is about the particle model. The model is used to explain the physical properties of solids, liquids and gases. |
a) | The image below shows a simple model of the three states of matter. Which states of matter are represented by A, B and C?
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b) | Give the state symbols for the states of matter represented by A, B and C.
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c) | Describe the difference between the solid and gas states, in terms of the arrangement and movement of their particles. Use the model in the figure above in your answer.
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d) | There are limitations to the particle model. Give two limitations of the particle model in the image above.
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