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Question 1
Some coins are made from copper alloys. |
a) | Describe how the structure of an alloy is different from the structure of a pure metal.
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b) | Suggest one reason why coins are not made from pure copper.
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c) | Give the name of a copper alloy and state the elements used to make that alloy.
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Question 2
Metals are used in pylons and overhead power cables. |
a) | Describe the structure and bonding in metals.
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b) | Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity.
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c) | Suggest one reason why steel is used to make pylons.
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d) | The table shows some of the properties of copper and aluminium. Use the information in the table to suggest why aluminium and not copper is used to conduct electricity in overhead power cables.
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Question 3
The image below shows a representation of an alloy. |
a) | What is an alloy?
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b) | Explain why the alloy in the image is harder than the pure metal.
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c) | What percentage of the atoms in the alloy are atoms of metal A? Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
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Question 4
Aluminium is a metal used to make utensils for cooking, and for wrapping and storing food and drinks. |
a) | Which of the statements describes metallic bonding? A electrostatic attraction between atoms B electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions C electrostatic attraction between the nuclei of two atoms and a pair of electrons shared between them D electrostatic attraction between positively charged particles and delocalised electrons
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b) | Aluminium is used to make cans for food and drinks. Give two properties of aluminium that make it suitable for this use.
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c) | Aluminium is also used to make saucepans, which are used for cooking food at high temperatures. State one property of aluminium that makes it suitable to be used for cooking food at high temperatures.
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d) | Magnalium is an alloy of aluminium and magnesium. The diagram shows the arrangement of atoms in magnalium. Explain why magnalium is harder than aluminium.
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e) | There are 47 atoms of aluminium in the diagram above. Calculate the percentage of magnesium in the above diagram of magnalium. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
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Question 5
Metals and alloys have important uses in medicine. |
a) | Metals can belong to different groups in the periodic table, and have different properties. Which two statements apply to both group 1 metals and also transition metals? A they both conduct electricity B they both form coloured ions in solution C they both form ions with several different charges D they both form cations E they both react with water
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b) | Titanium is used for hip replacements. Use the image to explain why the metallic bonds in titanium are very strong.
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c) | Nitinol is a smart material. What is a smart material? A a material that exhibits a chemical change in response to a stimulus B the simulation of human intelligence processes by materials C a material that exhibits a physical change in response to a stimulus
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d) | Why is nitinol used in dental braces?
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e) | Gold and stainless steel are also used for dental braces. Suggest two factors that a dentist might consider when choosing which metal to use for dental braces.
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Question 6
Calcium is a metal found in group 2 of the periodic table. |
a) | Draw and label a diagram to describe the structure and bonding in calcium.
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b) | Calcium is malleable even though metallic bonds are strong. |
b) i) | What is the meaning of the word 'malleable'?
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b) ii) | Explain why metals are malleable.
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c) | Calcium can conduct electricity in both solid and liquid states. Explain why metals like calcium can conduct electricity.
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Question 7
Alloys of gold are used to make jewellery. |
The purity of gold in an alloy is measured in carats. The graph below shows the relationship between the purity of gold in carats and the percentage of gold in the alloy. |
a) | How many carats is pure gold? A 9 carat B 12 carat C 18 carat D 24 carat
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b) | What is the percentage of gold in 12 carat gold? A 12% B 25% C 50% D 75%
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c) | A bracelet with a mass of 50 g was found to contain 30 g of gold. Determine the purity of the gold bracelet in carats.
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d) | Suggest two reasons why alloys of gold are used instead of pure gold to make jewellery.
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Question 8
Jewellery is usually made from alloys of gold. The purity of gold in an alloy is measured in carats:
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The table below shows information about two gold rings, A and B. |
a) | Give the purity of gold in ring A, in carats.
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b) | Ring A has a mass of 12 g. Calculate the mass of gold in ring A.
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c) | Ring B is made of pure gold. Why is pure gold not used more often to make rings? A it is too hard B it is too soft C it is too shiny D it is too dull
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c) | Some musical instruments are made of gold plated brass. |
c) i) | Brass is also a metal alloy. What is brass made up of?
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c) ii) | The fact that brass is made up of atoms of different sizes makes it harder than the pure metals. Explain why.
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Question 9
This question is about the wide variety of applications of alloys. |
a) | The table shows information about four alloys. Which row, A, B, C, or D, gives correct information about an alloy?
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b) | Complete the sentence below. Copper is described as an element because all the in pure copper are the same. Brass is described as an alloy because it contains a of metals. atoms mixture
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c) | The image below shows an electric plug. The pins of the electric plug are made of brass. Brass is harder than copper. Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals.
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d) | Steel horseshoes are shaped to fit the feet of horses. Which type of steel is most easily shaped into horseshoes? A high carbon steel B low carbon steel C stainless steel
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e) | Cutlery is usually made of stainless steel. Cutlery is washed after use and must not wear away quickly. Suggest one reason why stainless steel is suitable for making spoons.
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Question 10
By reference to their structure, explain how:
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Question 11
Metals are good conductors of electricity. |
a) | Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity.
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b) | Suggest why electrical conductivity increases across the periodic table from sodium in group 1, to magnesium in group 2, and to aluminium in group 3.
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| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |