This question is about sodium compounds.

The diagram shows the electron configurations of a sodium atom and a chlorine atom.

Describe the changes in their electronic configuration when sodium and chlorine atoms react to form sodium chloride.

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

Explain why ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature.

The diagram shows the electronic configuration of oxygen.

Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide, an ionic compound.

Draw ‘dot and cross’ diagrams to show the ions made when sodium reacts with oxygen.

Show the charges on the ions.

Give the formula of sodium oxide.

Calcium and magnesium are elements.

They are found in the Earth’s crust as compounds, often carbonates and sulphates.

Magnesium is also found as its chloride.

Calcium and magnesium are in the same group in the periodic table.

State which group this is.

(You may need a periodic table.)

Draw a 'dot and cross' diagram to show how magnesium and chlorine form magnesium chloride.

Write the chemical formula of magnesium chloride.

Name the type of bonding in magnesium chloride.

Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound.

The diagram below shows dot and cross diagrams for a sodium atom and a fluorine atom.

Complete the diagram to show what happens when a sodium atom and a fluorine atom react to produce sodium fluoride.

Your answer must include:

• the electronic structures of the sodium ion and the fluoride ion
• the charges on the sodium ion and the fluoride ion

Write the chemical formula of sodium fluoride.

Describe the structure of a sodium fluoride crystal.

Your answer must include:

• the arrangement of the sodium and fluoride ions
• what holds the ions together

Sodium fluoride conducts electricity when molten, but not in the solid state.

Explain why solid sodium fluoride cannot conduct electricity.

The tiles below show how atoms of calcium and atoms of oxygen are represented in the periodic table.

Draw diagrams to show the electronic structure of an atom of calcium and an atom of oxygen.

Describe what happens to its electrons when:

A calcium atom forms a calcium ion.

State the charge on the calcium ion formed.

An oxygen atom forms an oxygen ion.

State the charge on the oxygen ion formed.

Calcium oxide is an ionic compound.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Sodium forms an ionic compound with sulfur.

Describe what happens when two atoms of sodium react with one atom of sulfur.

Give your answer in terms of electron transfer, and give the formulae of the ions formed.

This question is about ionic compounds.

Which two of the following compounds are ionic?

Calcium nitrate is an ionic compound with the formula Ca(NO₃)₂.

What ions does it contain?

The structure of potassium sulfide (K₂S) can be represented using a ball and stick model.

Which one of the two ball and stick diagrams below, A or B, represents potassium sulfide?

Explain your choice.

The ball and stick model is not a true representation of the structure of potassium sulfide.

Give one reason why.

This question is about sodium chloride.

Sodium chloride is also known as table salt.

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl.

Which one of the statements below is true about sodium chloride?

The image below shows a two-dimensional diagram of the structure of sodium chloride, NaCl.

Only some of the charges of the ions are shown.

Complete the diagram with the missing charges.

Which ion is represented by the (-) charge, and which ion is represented by the (+) charge?

Give two limitations of a two-dimensional diagram like the one above.

Give the name of the structure represented above.

Aluminium fluoride is an ionic compound used in the production of aluminium metal.

Write the electron configuration of an atom of aluminium and an atom of fluorine.

Draw a 'dot and cross' diagram to show how aluminium and fluorine form aluminium fluoride.

Your answer must include:

• the electronic structures of the aluminium ion and the fluoride ion
• the charges on the aluminium ion and the fluoride ion

Give one limitation of 'dot and cross' diagrams.

The structure and bonding of ionic compounds explain their properties.

Draw one line from each property to the explanation of the property.

This question is about ionic bonding.

What is an ion?

Explain:

• how a metal atom becomes a metal ion
• how a non-metal atom becomes a non-metal ion

State how the charges change in both cases.

Ionic compounds have high melting points.

The melting and boiling points of sodium chloride and magnesium oxide are shown in the table below.

Why are the melting and boiling points of magnesium oxide higher than those of sodium chloride?

Refer to the charges of the ions in your answer.

This question is about ionic compounds.

Complete the sentence below. 

When a metal and a non-metal react, the metal electrons and the non-metal electrons.

This happens so both elements can achieve a outer shell of electrons.

This gives the atom a gas configuration.

Ionic compounds have regular structures, called giant ionic lattices.

Describe how giant ionic lattices are held together.

Explain why ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.