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Question 1
In the 1860s scientists were trying to organise elements. Figure 1 shows the table published by John Newlands in 1865. Newlands arranged the elements in order of their atomic weights. Figure 2 shows the table published by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev's table became accepted by other scientists, but Newland's table was not. |
a) | What is the modern name for atomic weight? A atomic number B relative formula mass C relative atomic mass D mass number
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b) | Complete the sentence. In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of number. atomic
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c) | Use the two figures and your own knowledge to:
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Question 2
This question is about the periodic table. The image below shows an early version of the periodic table. |
a) | Which scientist published this periodic table? A Bohr B Rutherford C Mendeleev D Newlands
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b) | Name two elements in Group 1 of this periodic table which are not found in Group 1 of the modern periodic table.
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c) | Which group of elements in the modern periodic table is missing on Mendeleev’s table? A alkali metals B halogens C metals D noble gases
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d) | There are several gaps in this version of the periodic table. Each gap is represented by a question mark (?). Give one reason why the scientist left gaps in this periodic table.
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e) | In the 20th century, the arrangement of elements in the periodic table was explained in terms of atomic structure. Describe two links between atomic structure and the periodic table.
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Question 3
The image below shows some of the elements of the periodic table. |
a) | Identify, from the elements in the table, an alkali metal.
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b) | Identify, from the elements in the table, a transition metal.
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c) | Identify, from the elements in the table, a halogen.
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d) | Identify, from the elements in the table, a noble gas.
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e) | Identify, from the elements in the table, a group 5 element.
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Question 4
The scientist shown in the photograph below is Dimitri Mendeleev. Mendeleev first published an early version of the periodic table in 1869. |
a) | Mendeleev knew that there must be undiscovered elements. How did he take this into account when he designed his periodic table?
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b) | Mendeleev put elements with similar chemical reactions in columns. These columns are known as: A groups B periods C rows D metals
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c) | By the early 20th century protons and electrons had been discovered. Describe how this discovery allowed chemists to place elements in their correct order.
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Question 5
The transition elements are a block of elements between Groups 2 and 3 of the periodic table. |
a) | Which three of these statements comparing Group 1 metals and transition metals are correct? A transition metals are harder than Group 1 metals B transition metals have lower densities than Group 1 metals C transition metals have higher melting points than Group 1 metals D transition metals are more reactive with water than Group 1 metals E transition metals often form coloured compounds but Group 1 compounds are usually white
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b) | Transition elements have similar properties. Explain why in terms of electronic structure.
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c) | Platinum and gold are transition elements. Platinum and gold have properties that make them suitable for jewelery. State two of these properties.
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Question 6
Niobium is a typical transition metal. |
a) | Where is niobium in the periodic table? A group 1 B the central block C the noble gas group D period 1
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b) | Choose four properties in the list below that you would expect for niobium. A brittle B conducts heat C dull D forms coloured compounds E high melting point F low boiling point G strong H very reactive
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c) | Give two differences between the physical properties of the elements in group 1 and those of the transition elements.
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Question 7
Transition elements have properties that make them useful. |
a) | State a property of copper that allows it to be used for electrical wiring.
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b) | Why is iron used to reinforce concrete in buildings?
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c) | Transition metals have other useful properties. Which two of the following are properties of most transition metals? A they form ions with different charges B they have high melting points C they have low densities D they form colourless compounds
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d) | A student added copper metal to colourless silver nitrate solution. The student observed pale grey crystals forming and the solution turning blue. Explain how these observations show that copper is more reactive than silver.
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Question 8
A student is given the task to identify three unlabelled metals, A, B, and C. The metals are magnesium, copper, and iron. In order to carry out the investigation, the student is given:
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a) | Plan an investigation to identify the three metals by comparing their reactions with dilute hydrochloric acid. Include two control variables in your answer.
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b) | In the periodic table, copper and iron are located in a block of metals between groups 2 and 3. What is the name of this block of metals?
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c) | Choose the two phrases that correctly complete the following sentence: 'Compared to magnesium, iron...' A has a higher melting point B has a lower density C is harder D is more reactive E is weaker
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Question 9
Elements can be divided into two groups, metals and non-metals. |
a) | For each of the properties below, state whether they are properties of metals or non-metals.
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b) | The image below shows an outline of the periodic table. |
b) i) | Which section of the periodic table contains metals? A B C
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b) ii) | Which section of the periodic table contains non-metals? A B C
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c) | Give two differences between the physical properties of the elements in group 1 and those of the transition elements.
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Question 10
In the early version of the periodic table, hydrogen was placed at the top of group 1. The modern periodic table does not show hydrogen in group 1. |
a) | State one similarity between hydrogen and the elements in group 1.
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b) | State one difference between hydrogen and the elements in group 1.
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c) | Explain why the reactivity of the elements:
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Question 11
Magnesium and calcium are metals in group 2 of the periodic table. The diagrams show their electronic structures. |
a) | Why do magnesium and calcium have similar chemical properties?
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b) | Calcium is more reactive than magnesium. Suggest an explanation for this in terms of the electronic structure of the two elements.
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c) | Beryllium is the first element in group 2. Beryllium has an atomic number of 4. Draw the electronic structure of beryllium.
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