| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Question 1
Plants are made up of different types of cells. The diagram below shows a root hair cell and leaf palisade cell. |
a) | What is the name of the structure labelled X? A nucleus B cell wall C cytoplasm D cell membrane
|
b) | State the function of structure X.
|
c) | What is the name of the structure labelled Y? A nucleus B mitochondria C cytoplasm D chloroplast
|
d) | State the function of part Y.
|
e) | The root hair cell and the leaf palisade cell are examples of plant cells. State the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells.
|
|
Question 2
The diagram below shows the structure of an animal cell. |
a) | Name structures A to E in the diagram below.
|
b) | Name two structures found in plant cells that are not present in animal cells.
|
c) | Describe the function of the structures identified in part b).
|
|
Question 3
Microscopes allow us to observe objects that are too small to view with the naked eye. |
a) | Name parts A-D of the light microscope in the photograph below.
|
b) | State one advantage and one disadvantage of using an electron microscope compared to a light microscope.
|
c) | A student wants to use this light microscope to observe onion cells. To prepare her slide, the student took a small piece of onion and peeled off a piece of onion skin. She then placed the skin flat on the slide, added a drop of iodine solution and covered it with a cover slip, making sure that there were no bubbles. Describe how the student would use the light microscope to view her slide.
|
d) | Explain why the student used iodine solution when she prepared her onion slide.
|
|
Question 4
Both animal cells and plant cells are eukaryotic cells. Animal and plant cells have differences as well as similarities. |
a) | Tick the boxes in the table to indicate whether the structures are found in animal cells, plant cells or both.
|
b) | Match the organelle to its function.
|
|
Question 5
The diagram below shows a cell. |
a) | What type of cell is represented in the figure above? A animal cell B plant cell C yeast cell D bacterial cell
|
b) | Name structure X.
|
c) | Give one function of organelle X.
|
d) | How is a prokaryotic cell different from the cell in the drawing?
|
|
Question 6
Light microscopes can be used to observe cells from a human cheek. |
a) | Calculate the total magnification of a light microscope with an eyepiece magnification of ×15 and an objective lens magnification of ×40.
|
b) | A student used a similar microscope to the one mentioned above to observe his own cheek cells. He used a magnification of x400 and the mean diameter of the images he obtained was 20 mm. What is the actual mean size of the student's cheek cells? Give your answer in micrometres.
|
c) | Which stain should the student use in order to see the nucleus of his cheek cells?
|
|
Question 7
The figure below shows an animal cell observed using an electron microscope with a magnification of x20,000. |
a) | Name and label the organelle where aerobic respiration takes place.
|
b) | Name and label the organelle where you would find the DNA.
|
c) | Redraw the cell as you would see it if you were using a light microscope instead of an electron microscope, and label the parts you would be able to identify. Model answer
|
d) | Explain how electron microscopy has allowed us to increase our understanding of subcellular structures.
|
|
Question 8
Microscopes use lenses to magnify objects. |
a) | State the equation linking magnification, image size and object size.
|
The image below is a photograph of a Paramecium (a single-celled protist). The photograph was taken by a student through an eyepiece of a lab microscope. |
b) | The image is 120 mm wide. The actual size of the Paramecium is 3 × 10-4 m. Calculate the magnification of the Paramecium.
|
c) | Discuss the advantages of using an electron microscope to view bacterial structures compared to a light microscope.
|
|
Question 9
The figure below shows a bacterial cell and a yeast cell. |
a) | Use the figure above and your own knowledge to compare and contrast the two types of cells.
|
b) | Select the correct statement(s) about yeast from the list below. A yeast can be used to make beer, bread and antibiotics. B yeast contain plasmids. C yeast contain chloroplasts. D yeast cells are surrounded by a cell wall made of chitin. E yeast are multicellular. F yeast cannot cause disease.
|
|
Question 10
The diagram shows a sperm cell that has been magnified 100,000 times. |
a) | Calculate the actual length of the sperm cell. Show your working and give your answer in micrometres.
|
b) | A flagellum is a microscopic hair-like organelle used by cells and microorganisms for movement. Eukaryotic flagella, like the ones in sperm cells, are very different from the flagella of prokaryotes such as bacteria. Give three other differences between animal and bacterial cells.
|
|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |