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Question 1
The endocrine system coordinates many internal functions of the body. |
a) | Give three ways in which the endocrine system differs from the nervous system.
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b) | The response of the skin to cold weather is an involuntary action. How is an involuntary action different from a voluntary action?
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c) | Give the name of the process by which the internal conditions of the body are maintained.
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Question 2
A man goes for a run. Exercising causes the man's body temperature to rise. |
a) | When the man’s core body temperature rises, his rate of sweating increases. Explain why.
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b) | The man arrives home after his run. The man’s skin looks very red. Describe what happened to the blood circulation in his skin to cause this change in colour.
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c) | The man has a very cold shower. This makes the man shiver. What causes shivering?
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d) | Shivering increases the man's body temperature. Explain how.
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Question 3
A scientist studied two populations in very different environments. One of the populations lives in a hot desert. The other population lives in a rainforest. The scientist recorded the air temperature, mean humidity levels and mean wind speed, in the desert and in the rainforest. The scientist also recorded the core body temperature of members of both populations. The data was recorded in the table below. |
a) | Why is it important to maintain a constant body temperature? A to provide kinetic energy for our bodies to move B to maintain the optimum temperature for enzymes to work C to prevent feeling cold D to provide the ideal temperature for mitosis
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b) | Use information from the table and your prior knowledge to explain the difference in the mean core body temperature of the members of the two tribes.
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c) | What happens to blood vessels if a persons core body temperature is too high? A the capillaries constrict B the capillaries dilate C the capillaries move closer to the surface of the skin D the blood vessels supplying the capillaries dilate
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Question 4
Homeostasis keeps conditions in the body relatively constant. Body temperature and the amount of water in the body are both controlled by homeostasis. Kidney function is controlled by a gland in the brain. |
a) | Describe how the water content of the blood is controlled.
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Question 5
Homeostasis keeps conditions in the body relatively constant. Body temperature and the amount of water in the body are both controlled by homeostasis. The human body maintains a constant core body temperature of around 37°C. |
a) | Describe what happens in the body to keep the body temperature constant.
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Question 6
The kidneys maintain a near constant amount of water in the body. The table shows the volume of water that the kidneys filter from the blood and the volume of urine produced in one day. |
a) | Calculate the volume of water reabsorbed into the blood that day.
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b) | A man is exercising on a very hot day with no access to drinking water. Explain how his body reduces water loss.
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c) | Which of the substances are found in the urine of a healthy person? Add ticks to the correct boxes.
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d) | Explain, for each of the four substances in c), why they are found in the urine of a healthy person or not.
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Question 7
Amino acids cannot be stored in the body. |
a) | Describe what happens to the excess amino acids in the body.
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Question 8
Urine is produced by the kidneys before being stored in the bladder. |
a) | Describe how urine is produced by the kidneys.
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Question 9
The diagram below shows a cross section of human skin. |
a) | Name structures A, B and C.
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b) | Describe the appearance of human skin when the temperature drops.
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c) | Use information from the diagram and your own knowledge to explain the change in appearance of human skin following exposure to a cold environment.
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Question 10
The image below shows a nephron. |
a) | Label parts A to F.
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b) | Explain how substances are exchanged between the blood entering the nephron in A and the filtrate leaving F.
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c) | Desert mammals have longer loops of Henle than most other mammals. Explain why this adaptation is advantageous.
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Question 11
Sports drinks are beverages specially formulated to help people rehydrate during or after exercise. |
a) | Why should sports drinks contain ions?
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b) | Marathon runners often drink sports drinks during a race. How do sports drinks help an athlete release energy whilst running a marathon?
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The table shows the concentrations of glucose and ions in three different sports drinks, X, Y and Z. |
c) | The body will replace water faster if the ratio of glucose to ions in the sports drink is close to 1:1. Which of the sports drinks will replace water more efficiently? A drink X B drink Y C drink Z
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