The photograph shows a liger.

A liger is a hybrid offspring of a male lion and a female tiger.

The liger has characteristics of both parents.

The liger was produced by sexual reproduction.

What is sexual reproduction?

The liger has characteristics of both a lion and a tiger.

Explain why.

Adult cell cloning occurs when a cell from an individual organism is used to produce clones.

As part of the process, the nucleus of that cell is implanted into the egg of another organism.

Student A claims that because the egg is taken from a different organism, adult cell cloning is a type of sexual reproduction.

Student B disagrees, stating that adult cell cloning is a form of asexual reproduction.

Explain why student B is correct to claim that adult cell cloning is a form asexual reproduction.

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of cloning compared to sexual reproduction.

Tissue culture can be used by growers to clone plants.

Give one advantage of cloning plants using tissue culture.

Give two reasons why plants produced by this method will look exactly the same.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using cloning techniques in agriculture.

A gardener wants to grow and sell magnolias.

He decides to grow them using cuttings.

The image below shows one of the cuttings the gardener intends to use.

The gardener wants to ensure the cuttings grow as quickly as possible.

State two factors the gardener could vary to improve the growing conditions of the cuttings.

Some cells in each cutting develop into root cells.

Name the process that these cells undergo in order to develop into root cells.

State the term used to define an organism produced from a single parent, that has exactly the same genetic information as that single parent.

The gardener's friend tells them that it is very common for commercial florists to grow new plants from cuttings, instead of from seeds.

Suggest two reasons why it is common for commercial florists to grow plants from cuttings.

Tissue culture is used to produce plant clones.

Tissue culture is a process that happens in vitro.

What does the term in vitro mean?

Describe a method used to:

• obtain plant explants
• grow plantlets from the explants

State two advantages of using tissue culture to produce new plants compared to using seeds.