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Question 1
A student is studying the different types of plant tissues. |
a) | List three types of plant tissue and state their functions.
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b) | Water enters a plant through root hair cells. Root hair cells have: A a small surface area and thin cell walls B a large surface area and thick cell walls C a small surface area and thick cells D a large surface area and thin cell walls
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c) | Identify structures A, B, and C in the following diagram of a root hair cell, and describe their functions.
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d) | Explain how the features of root hair cells are advantageous for the plant.
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Question 2
a) | Describe the pathway of water through a plant and explain the factors that affect the rate of transpiration.
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Question 3
Stomata are cell structures in the epidermis of tree leaves and needles. |
a) | Explain the role of stomata and guard cells in plants.
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b) | Explain why stomata are typically found on the lower epidermis of leaves.
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c) | Suggest why stomata can close at night.
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d) | Explain how the structure of guard cells allows them to control the opening and closing of stomata.
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Question 4
Plants continually lose water to the air. This is called transpiration. |
a) | Outline the process of transpiration.
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b) | Explain the effect of changing temperature, humidity, air movement, and light intensity on the rate of transpiration.
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c) | Describe how a potometer can be used to measure the rate of transpiration.
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d) | How is xylem tissue adapted for the transport of water in the transpiration stream?
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Question 5
A student is studying the structure of a leaf. |
a) | Label the diagram of a leaf cross-section and state the functions of the labelled parts.
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Question 6
A student is studying the process of translocation in plants. |
a) | Which of these sentences about the movement of sugars through a plant is correct? A translocation is the movement of sugars through the phloem B transpiration is the movement of sugars through the phloem C translocation is the movement of sugars through the xylem D transpiration is the movement of sugars through the xylem
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b) | Describe the process of translocation.
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c) | Explain why translocation is important to plants.
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d) | An aphid feeds by inserting its sharp mouthpiece into the stem of a plant. Give the reason why the mouthpiece of an aphid contains a high concentration of dissolved sugars after feeding.
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e) | Explain the concept of sources and sinks within the context of translocation.
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Question 7
A student is studying the transport of substances in plants. |
a) | Explain how xylem and phloem tissues are adapted to their functions.
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b) | A student is investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of transpiration. The student collects the following data: Describe the relationship between light intensity and the rate of transpiration.
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c) | Why does light intensity have this effect on the rate of transpiration?
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c) | Describe what happens during transpiration.
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d) | The student kept environmental conditions like air movement, humidity, and temperature, constant. Why was it important to keep the temperature the same?
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Question 8
A scientist measured the rate of water loss from a plant shoot using a potometer. The figure shows the equipment used in the experiment. |
a) | The volume of water lost from the plant can be calculated by measuring the distance a bubble moves along the capillary tubing. Calculate the rate of water loss from the plant in mm3/s if the volume of water lost was 15 mm3 in 10 minutes.
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b) | The scientist wants to extend the investigation by considering factors that affect the rate of transpiration. State two variables, other than temperature, that she could investigate.
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c) | Explain the effect of decreasing air temperature on the rate of transpiration.
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Question 9
A student compared the number of stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf. The student followed the method below:
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a) | The layer of nail varnish shows an impression of the cells on the surface of the leaf. Why is a coverslip placed on top of the leaf impression?
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b) | Explain why the student prepared a leaf impression with nail varnish rather than attempting to observe the whole leaf with a microscope.
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c) | The student observed that the stomata were open. Describe how stomata open.
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