Question 1

To which substance is the plasma membrane of an axon least permeable?

  A  

ATP

  B  

glucose


  C  

K+


  D  

Na+

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Question 2

The medulla oblongata is a region of the brainstem. It regulates the activity of several organs within the human body.

What would result from the action of the medulla oblongata via the sympathetic nervous system?

  A  

sweat is produced

  B  

heart rate decreases

  C  

heart rate increases

  D  

ventilation rate decreases

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Question 3

The statements below relate to the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Which statement(s) is/are correct?

1 - the ANS is a division of the peripheral nervous system

2 - autonomic neurones between the CNS and the ganglia are myelinated

3 - sympathetic neurones use acetylcholine and noradrenaline as neurotransmitters

  A  

1, 2, and 3 are correct

  B  

only 1 and 2 are correct

  C  

only 2 and 3 are correct

  D  

only 1 is correct


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Question 4

What is the heart chamber in which electrical activity is initiated?

  A  

left atrium


  B  

left ventricle


  C  

right atrium


  D  

right ventricle


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Question 5

The drug metoprolol prevents stimulation of postsynaptic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.

Which of the following conditions could this drug be used to treat?

   1 - muscle fatigue

   2 - tachycardia

   3 - high blood pressure

  A  

1, 2, and 3

  B  

only 1 and 2

  C  

only 2 and 3

  D  

only 1

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Question 6

Heart rate is affected by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

What is an event that stimulates the medulla oblongata via the sympathetic nervous system?

  A  

decrease in blood pH

  B  

increase in blood pressure

  C  

release of adrenaline into the blood

  D  

release of glucose into the blood

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Question 7

What triggers the generation of an action potential in a neuron?

  A  

the resting potential reaching -50 mV

  B  

a stimulus causing a temporary reversal of charges across the membrane

  C  

the sodium-potassium pump stopping

  D  

the neuron reaching a hyperpolarised state

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Question 8

Which factor does not affect the speed at which an action potential travels?

  A  

the number of neurotransmitters released

  B  

the diameter of the axon

  C  

the temperature

  D  

the myelination of the axon

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Question 9

What is repolarisation of a neuron's membrane primarily due to?

  A  

influx of sodium ions

  B  

closure of potassium channels

  C  

activity of sodium channels

  D  

efflux of potassium ions

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Question 10

What happens after the action potential reaches its peak?

  A  

sodium channels close and potassium channels open

  B  

sodium channels open further

  C  

potassium channels close

  D  

sodium-potassium pumps are deactivated

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Question 11

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

  A  

to cover the axon and aid in rapid impulse transmission

  B  

to generate action potentials

  C  

to receive stimuli from the environment

  D  

to act as a receptor

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Question 12

Which type of neuron transmits impulses from a receptor to an intermediate or motor neuron?

  A  

effector neuron

  B  

sensory neuron

  C  

motor neuron

  D  

Schwann cell

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Question 13

What are dendrites responsible for in a neuronal cell?

  A  

transmitting impulses away from the cell body

  B  

carrying nerve impulses towards the cell body

  C  

producing myelin sheath

  D  

conducting electrical signals directly to muscles

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Question 14

What is the primary function of Schwann cells in a neuron?

  A  

to transmit nerve impulses

  B  

to produce neurotransmitters

  C  

to provide insulation and aid in nerve regeneration

  D  

to generate the resting potential

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