Question 1

Which statements about bronchioles are correct?

1 - they have ciliated cells

2 - they have goblet cells

3 - they have muscle tissue

  A  

1, 2, and 3

  B  

1 and 2 only

  C  

1 and 3 only

  D  

2 and 3 only 

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Question 2

Air moves in and out of human lungs through the trachea, which is lined with cells. The diagram below shows a section containing these cells.

Which statement about tracheal cells is correct?

  A  

cells X, Y, and Z are all columnar epithelial cells

  B  

cells X and Y move mucus and trapped bacteria out of the trachea

  C  

cell X releases mucus into the trachea

  D  

cell Z is a goblet cell

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Question 3

Which characteristic of the human gaseous exchange surface and the lungs maintains the necessary concentration gradients for carbon dioxide and oxygen?

  A  

good ventilation of the lungs

  B  

large surface area of the alveoli

  C  

low resistance to air flow

  D  

the walls of the alveoli are thin

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Question 4

Which tissues may be found in bronchioles?

  A  

cartilage, ciliated epithelium, glandular tissue

  B  

ciliated epithelium, elastic fibres, smooth muscle

  C  

elastic fibres, cartilage, smooth muscle

  D  

smooth muscle, glandular tissue, cartilage

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Question 5

What would be seen in an electron micrograph of a bronchus wall?

1 - cartilage cells

2 - ciliated cells

3 - exocytotic vesicles

  A  

1 and 2 only

  B  

1 and 3 only

  C  

2 and 3 only

  D  

1, 2, and 3

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Question 6

Which does not increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli?

  A  

the blood capillaries and alveoli have a large total surface area

  B  

the blood flow is slowed as it passes through the pulmonary capillaries

  C  

the walls of the alveoli and capillaries are moist

  D  

the walls of the alveoli and capillaries are very thin

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Question 7

Which statement correctly explains a feature of an efficient gaseous exchange surface?

  A  

the layers are thin for a short diffusion distance

  B  

there is a good blood supply, so the system reaches equilibrium quickly

  C  

there is an increased surface area to reduce surface area to volume ratio

  D  

ventilation takes place to reduce concentration gradient of dissolved gases


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Question 8

Ventilation is a process that involves various parts of the body.

Which option describes exhalation in a mammal?

  A  

ribcage moves upwards and outwards; external intercostal muscles relax; diaphragm relaxes

  B  

ribcage moves downwards and inwards; external intercostal muscles relax; diaphragm relaxes

  C  

ribcage moves upwards and outwards; external intercostal muscles contract; diaphragm relaxes

  D  

ribcage moves downwards and inwards; external intercostal muscles contract; diaphragm contracts

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Question 9

The diagram shows the volume of air breathed in and out while a person is breathing normally when at rest.

They breathe out the deepest breath they can and then breathe in as much as they can before breathing normally again.

Which points would you use to calculate the vital capacity?

  A  

1 and 3

  B  

1 and 4

  C  

2 and 3

  D  

2 and 4

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Question 10

The following spirometer trace shows the results of an experiment.

Soda lime was used to extract carbon dioxide from exhaled air. 

What is the rate of oxygen consumption in the experiment?

  A  

1.0 dm3

  B  

3.0 dm3 min-1

  C  

5.0 dm3 min-1 

  D  

12 breaths min-1

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Question 11

Ventilation involves various parts of the mammalian respiratory system.

Which statement describes inhalation?

  A  

ribcage moves upwards and outwards; external intercostal muscles relax; diaphragm relaxes

  B  

ribcage moves downwards and inwards; external intercostal muscles relax; diaphragm relaxes

  C  

ribcage moves upwards and outwards; external intercostal muscles contract; diaphragm contracts

  D  

ribcage moves downwards and inwards; external intercostal muscles contract; diaphragm contracts

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Question 12

Bony fish absorb dissolved oxygen from the water using gills. Water is passed through the buccal cavity and over the gill lamellae. The oxygen saturation of the blood and water changes as the water passes over the gills.

Which statement correctly describes the way oxygen is transferred into the blood at the gills?

  A  

blood and water flow in a concurrent system with a constant concentration gradient between them


  B  

blood and water flow in a countercurrent system with a constant concentration gradient between them

  C  

blood and water flow in a concurrent system with a greater concentration gradient between them at the start of the gill lamella

  D  

blood and water flow in a countercurrent system with a greater concentration gradient between them at the start of the gill lamella

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