Question 1
Selection pressure can affect homozygous individuals. The effect can be investigated using a model gene pool.
Why is a large gene pool necessary?
to ensure that genetic drift can occur if frequency is higher
to ensure that homozygous individuals are present in high frequency
to ensure that the effect of chance variations in gene frequencies are minimised
to ensure that Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is achieved
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Question 2
These two organisms show very similar anatomical adaptations but are classified in different taxonomic groups.
What is this an example of?
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
disruptive selection
stabilising selection
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Question 3
A number of events occur for a new species to emerge in a population.
Which statement(s) correspond(s) to events that are involved in the formation of a new species?
1 - gene mutation
2 - selection pressure
3 - a change in the environment
1, 2, and 3
only 1 and 2
only 2 and 3
only 1
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Question 4
The adult wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans, has wingspans that range from 2.5 m to 3.5 m.
What describes the variation in wingspan of the wandering albatross?
intraspecific and controlled only by genetic factors
interspecific and controlled only by environmental factors
intraspecific and controlled by both genetic and environmental factors
interspecific and polygenic
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Question 5
What is not associated with the use of artificial selection in farm animals?
health problems in more productive breeds
inbreeding
increased frequency of mutations
reduced gene pool
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Question 6
The ability to roll one’s tongue is under the control of a single gene. The gene has two alleles R and r.
People who can roll their tongues can have the genotypes RR or Rr. People who cannot roll their tongues have the genotype rr.
A survey by a student showed that 12% of the population in a single school cannot roll their tongues.
The student then used the Hardy-Weinberg principle to calculate the number of heterozygous individuals in the school.
What is the percentage of heterozygous individuals at the student’s school?
Use the equations: p + q = 1 and p2 +2pq + q2 = 1
21.1%
22.7%
42.8%
45.3%
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Question 7
The two histograms represent the frequency distribution for the two different types of variation.
Which statement about characteristic Q is correct?
controlled by many genes and unaffected by the environment
controlled by one or two genes and unaffected by the environment
controlled by many genes and influenced by the environment
controlled by one or two genes and influenced by the environment
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Question 8
Antifreeze proteins are a group of globular proteins that prevent ice crystal formation in living cells. These proteins are found in four different kingdoms and have evolved independently of each other.
What explains why this convergent evolution has occurred?
adaptation to fill a similar niche
continuous variation of these species
interspecific variation
the same gene occurs in these species
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Question 9
There are four different human blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.
This is because there are three different alleles coding for different proteins in red blood cells.
What describes this form of variation?
continuous and intraspecific
continuous and interspecific
discontinuous and intraspecific
discontinuous and interspecific
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Question 10
What type of selection favours phenotypes that vary in one direction from the mean of the population?
stabilising selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
artificial selection
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Question 11
What does disruptive selection typically result in?
elimination of extreme phenotypes
an increase in phenotypic variation within the population
no change in the phenotype frequencies
a consistent phenotype that does not change over time
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Question 12
What describes the situation when two distinct forms of a species survive and reproduce more successfully than intermediates?
sexual selection
directional selection
stabilising selection
disruptive selection
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