Question 1

The last giant Galapagos tortoise died in 2012. Scientists froze some of the tortoise’s cells.

These statements describe processes involved in potential cloning of the giant Galapagos tortoise using the cells. They are not in the correct order.

1 - a donor egg is enucleated

2 - the embryo develops into a mature egg, which is incubated

3 - a somatic cell from the tortoise is defrosted and the nucleus is removed

4 - electrofusion of the host cell and new nucleus

5 - the somatic cell nucleus is inserted into the enucleated oocyte

6 - the transformed egg divides in vitro

Which option states the correct order for producing a clone of the giant Galapagos tortoise?

  A  

1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2

  B  

3, 5, 1, 4, 2, 6

  C  

1, 6, 3, 5, 4, 2

  D  

3, 1, 5, 4, 6, 2

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Question 2

What is not a valid concern about the use of genetic modification?

  A  

that antibiotic resistance genes could transfer to pathogenic bacteria

  B  

that herbicide resistance genes could be transferred to wild species

  C  

that certain seeds might not be available for use by poor farmers

  D  

that the use of human embryos in stem cell production is unethical

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Question 3

What is an example of a plant that reproduces using tubers?

  A  

strawberries

  B  

potatoes

  C  

bamboo

  D  

onions

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Question 4

What is the purpose of using a rooting hormone in plant cuttings?

  A  

to encourage leaf development

  B  

to promote flower blossoming

  C  

to induce root formation

  D  

to increase fruit yield

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Question 5

Why are immobilised enzymes advantageous in industry?

  A  

they can be easily separated from the products

  B  

they have a slower reaction rate

  C  

they are more expensive 

  D  

they use higher temperatures to function

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Question 6

What is a potential downside of using artificial embryo twinning for cloning?

  A  

it can produce a high number of clones quickly

  B  

it is more expensive than natural twinning

  C  

it cannot be applied to endangered species

  D  

it only works with specific species

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Question 7

Which statement best describes somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

  A  

a technique that uses reproductive cells to clone animals

  B  

a method of cloning animals by splitting embryos

  C  

a process where a body cell nucleus is inserted into an enucleated egg

  D  

a form of cloning that involves the use of stem cells from adult animals

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Question 8

What is the primary benefit of tissue culture in plant cloning?

  A  

it enables rapid production of many cloned plants

  B  

it allows for the production of fruits without seeds

  C  

it produces plants with a higher genetic variability

  D  

it creates plants that can grow without soil

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Question 9

What is a key characteristic of stolons compared to rhizomes?

  A  

they grow horizontally underground

  B  

they are large underground plant structures that store food

  C  

they develop from the main nodes of a parent plant

  D  

they grow above ground on the surface of the soil

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Question 10

What does vegetative propagation in plants primarily involve?

  A  

the use of seeds to produce new plants

  B  

the production of plants from non-reproductive tissues

  C  

cross-pollination between different plant species

  D  

grafting new plant varieties onto existing rootstock

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