Question 1

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involves a repeating sequence of temperature changes.

Which process occurs at a temperature of 72°C?

  A  

annealing of primers

  B  

detachment of primers

  C  

polymerisation of free nucleotides

  D  

separation of DNA strands


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Question 2

The diagrams A to D represent different setups of an agarose gel electrophoresis experiment.

Each diagram shows an agarose gel and the positive and negative electrodes. DNA samples are loaded into the four wells at the top of each gel.

Which diagram shows the correct positioning of electrodes?

  A  
  B  
  C  
  D  

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Question 3

What is the role of antibiotic-resistance marker genes in genetic engineering?

  A  

to resist viral infections

  B  

to identify transformed bacterial cells

  C  

to enhance the effects of antibiotics

  D  

to produce recombinant proteins

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Question 4

In genetic fingerprinting, what does gel electrophoresis separate?

  A  

DNA fragments by size

  B  

single nucleotides

  C  

protein molecules

  D  

whole chromosomes

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Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of vectors in gene cloning?

  A  

they are used to identify specific alleles of genes

  B  

they are sequences of DNA that can bind to probes

  C  

they serve as carriers for DNA fragments into host cells

  D  

they replicate independently of the host DNA

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Question 6

What is the significance of the polymerase chain reaction in the field of genetic engineering?

  A  

it helps in cutting DNA into fragments

  B  

it is used for introducing DNA into host cells

  C  

it is used for the direct cloning of genes into vectors

  D  

it is a method for rapidly amplifying DNA sequences

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Question 7

What is the role of Taq polymerase in PCR?

  A  

it cuts the DNA into smaller fragments

  B  

it synthesises the complementary DNA strand

  C  

it denatures the double-stranded DNA

  D  

it ligates the DNA fragments

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Question 8

Why are restriction endonucleases important in recombinant DNA technology?

  A  

they replicate DNA fragments

  B  

they produce mRNA from DNA

  C  

they remove introns from pre-mRNA

  D  

they cut DNA at specific recognition sites

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Question 9

What is the purpose of reverse transcriptase in recombinant DNA technology?

  A  

to cut DNA into fragments

  B  

to create a complementary DNA strand from mRNA

  C  

to ligate sticky ends of DNA

  D  

to fluoresce tagged DNA sequences

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Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of sticky ends produced by restriction endonucleases?

  A  

they are blunt-ended

  B  

they can be ligated to any DNA fragment

  C  

they have overhanging sequences complementary to another sticky end

  D  

they are resistant to further enzyme activity

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