Question 1

What is/are intervention(s) in the control of blood glucose concentration?

1 - insulin injection

2 - regular cardiovascular exercise

3 - glucagon injection

  A  

1, 2, and 3

  B  

only 1 and 2

  C  

only 2 and 3

  D  

only 1 

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Question 2

Banting and Best pioneered experiments into the functions of the pancreas.

In one experiment, they removed the pancreas of dogs. Shortly afterwards, the dogs developed the symptoms of diabetes.

   • Banting ground up the removed pancreas to produce an extract

   • he called the extract 'isletin'

   • the isletin was then injected into dogs that had had their pancreas removed

   • he then tested the blood glucose concentration

The graph below is a summary of the results.

Which of the following statements correctly explains these results?

   1 - isletin is made in the α cells in the islets of Langerhans

   2 - isletin reduces blood glucose concentration

   3 - the effects of isletin are short lived

  A  

1, 2, and 3

  B  

only 1 and 2

  C  

only 2 and 3

  D  

only 1

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Question 3

What is true of type 2 diabetes?

  A  

caused by autoimmunity

  B  

present from birth

  C  

rapid onset

  D  

slow onset

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Question 4

What describes an indirect role of glucagon?

  A  

condensation

  B  

esterification

  C  

hydrolysis

  D  

oxidation

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Question 5

What type of cells detect stimuli in the body?

  A  

effector cells

  B  

receptor cells

  C  

nerve cells

  D  

muscle cells

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Question 6

What do effectors do in response to stimuli?

  A  

receive and process information

  B  

bring about a response

  C  

act as a communication system

  D  

detect changes in the environment

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Question 7

What is the primary purpose of homeostasis?

  A  

to communicate between different cells

  B  

to detect specific stimuli

  C  

to maintain a constant internal environment

  D  

to generate metabolic reactions

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Question 8

What type of feedback mechanism restores normal levels after a change?

  A  

positive feedback

  B  

negative feedback

  C  

neutral feedback

  D  

static feedback

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Question 9

Why isn't positive feedback involved in maintaining homeostasis in humans?

  A  

it cannot detect changes

  B  

it only functions in ectotherms

  C  

it reduces the effectiveness of effectors

  D  

it amplifies rather than stabilises changes

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Question 10

How do hormones reach their target cells in the body?

  A  

via the circulatory system

  B  

through the nervous system

  C  

through passive diffusion

  D  

by direct cell-to-cell contact

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Question 11

Which glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream?

  A  

exocrine glands

  B  

endocrine glands

  C  

salivary glands

  D  

sweat glands

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Question 12

In the hormonal system, what do second messengers do?

  A  

carry the chemical message throughout the body

  B  

act as the initial stimulus

  C  

directly convert stimuli into responses

  D  

activate a cascade of reactions inside a cell

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Question 13

What is a common treatment for type 1 diabetes?

  A  

regular exercise

  B  

dietary changes

  C  

glucagon injections

  D  

insulin therapy

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Question 14

Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin, and what triggers this?

  A  

delta cells, cold temperatures

  B  

beta cells, high blood glucose concentration

  C  

alpha cells, low blood glucose concentration

  D  

gamma cells, stress

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