Question 1

Which xerophytic adaptations reduce the water potential gradient?

1 - rolled leaves

2 - hairy leaves

3 - sunken stomata

4 - fewer stomata

5 - fleshy leaves

  A  

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

  B  

1, 2, and 3 only

  C  

1, 3, and 4 only

  D  

2, 4, and 5 only

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Question 2

What is a function of the hairs (trichomes) on xerophytic leaves?

  A  

adding a waterproof layer

  B  

protecting the stomata

  C  

reducing the surface area

  D  

trapping a layer of moist air

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Question 3

What is a reason why plants require specialised transport tissue?

  A  

to allow osmosis to take place


  B  

because they all have a large surface area to volume ratio

  C  

to carry sucrose to their leaves

  D  

to overcome the limitations of diffusion over large distances

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Question 4

Many plants are adapted to the availability of water in their environment; one group of these plants is the xerophytes.

Which statement correctly describes a xerophyte?

  A  

smooth cordgrass grows in highly saline marine estuary environments


  B  

the water lily has aerenchyma tissue to allow the movement of gases to submerged roots

  C  

the poison tree has leafless branches covered in thorns to reduce water loss

  D  

water lobelia completes its entire life cycle submerged in shallow ponds

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Question 5

What a is not an adaptation to reduce water loss in plants?

  A  

an extensive root system that extends far from the plant

  B  

leaves that are reduced to spines that prevent damage from animals

  C  

the ability to store carbon dioxide so stomata only need to open at night

  D  

the surface covered in reflective hairs

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Question 6

A scientist tested a plant suffering from water stress. The plant was found to have high levels of abscisic acid (ABA) in its tissues.

What explains this observation?

  A  

ABA causes fruit ripening

  B  

ABA prevents leaf drop

  C  

ABA causes phototropism

  D  

ABA stimulates stomatal closing

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Question 7

Large multicellular animals need a transport system for oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Large multicellular plants do not need a transport system for oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What correctly explains these observations?

  A  

large plants have a low surface area to volume ratio

  B  

plant cells have a low metabolic rate

  C  

plants generate ATP during photosynthesis, so they do not need to respire


  D  

plants generate oxygen during photosynthesis


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Question 8

During gas exchange, oxygen produced in photosynthesis diffuses out of the plant leaf mainly through which structures?

  A  

cuticle

  B  

stomata

  C  

xylem vessels

  D  

phloem tubes

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Question 9

Which of the following adaptations is not typically seen in xerophytes?

  A  

high stomatal density on the upper surface

  B  

hairy leaves

  C  

thick cuticle

  D  

reduced leaf size

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Question 10

What adaptation helps marram grass survive in conditions where water is scarce?

  A  

broad, flat leaves

  B  

thin cuticle layer

  C  

high rate of transpiration

  D  

rolled leaves to reduce water loss

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Question 11

What is the main role of a thick cuticle on the leaves of xerophytes?

  A  

to increase water absorption

  B  

to protect from herbivores

  C  

to reduce water loss

  D  

to enhance gas exchange

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